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Alkaline copper quaternary, usually abbreviated ACQ, is a type of water-based wood preservative product containing a soluble copper(II) complex and quaternary ammonium alkyl- or aryl-substituted compounds ("quats"). Thus the product was originally called ammoniacal copper/quaternary ammonium.
ACQ technology was developed and patented in Canada and improved in the U.S. It has been in commercial production in Europe, Japan and the U.S. since the late 1980s. Wood products treated with ACQ preservative were commercially produced in Canada for the first time in 2004.
ACQ became a widely used wood preservative after concerns were raised about possible environmental contamination by chromium and arsenic from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), through contact (especially in playgrounds), leaching, sawing and sanding, or burning. These concerns led to the virtual banning of CCA for residential purposes by the US EPA, in 2003-2004.
Chemical Specialties, Inc (CSI, now Viance) received U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award in 2002 for commercial introduction of ACQ.
Performance characteristics: Pure blue liquid, the color after processing wood is light coffee color. It has a slight ammonia smell, strong resistance to loss, will not reduce wood strength, will not affect paint, and wood treated with ACQ can extend its service life by 5-10 times or more.
ACQ has a wide range of insect resistance, instant super penetration, good anti loss performance, and generates insoluble compounds instantly after injecting wood solidification. It is not easy to evaporate, not easily affected by rainwater or soil moisture, has strong weather resistance, does not affect paint application, does not reduce wood strength and insulation, and improves flame retardant performance.
ACQ (alkaline copper quaternary) is a water-based wood preservative that prevents decay from fungi and insects (i.e., it is a fungicide and insecticide). It also has relatively low risks, based on its components of copper oxide and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Water-based preservatives like ACQ leave a dry, paintable surface. ACQ is registered for use on: lumber, timbers, landscape ties, fence posts, building and utility poles, land, freshwater and marine pilings, sea walls, decking, wood shingles, and other wood structures.
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