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Sodium Bromide CAS 7647-15-6 is a chemical compound that exists as a white crystalline solid at room temperature. The compound is inorganic, soluble in water, and has the molecular formula NaBr. Because sodium bromide is comprised of ionically bonded sodium atoms to bromine atoms, it is often used as a source of bromide ions. The compound is synthesized by combining sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrogen bromide (HBr). When combined, the salts of sodium bromide crystallize around 50.7° Celsius; without water, it crystallizes above that temperature, and with water, it crystallizes below this temperature.
Sodium bromide is an indispensable chemical with diverse applications across multiple industries, including oil and gas, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, chemical synthesis, photography, and textiles.
Also known as Sedoneural, sodium bromide has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective. In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity. Although its use in modern medicine has decreased with the advent of newer drugs, it remains an important compound for research and niche applications.
Sodium bromide is a key reagent in various chemical synthesis processes. It is used to produce bromine and other bromine compounds, which are further used in the manufacture of dyes, flame retardants, and organic intermediates. Its reactivity makes it an essential chemical in many industrial syntheses. It is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction:
NaBr + RCl → RBr + NaCl (R = alkyl)
Once a large need in photography, but now shrinking, the photosensitive salt silver bromide is prepared using NaBr.
Sodium bromide is often used as a biocide, which helps control the growth of bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms in water systems. This application is particularly important in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water treatment facilities where maintaining water purity is essential.
One of the primary applications of sodium bromide is in the oil and gas industry. It is used in the preparation of drilling fluids, which are essential for the drilling process. Sodium bromide acts as a dense fluid that helps control the pressure in the well, preventing blowouts and stabilizing the borehole. Its high solubility in water (943.2 g/L or 9.16 mol/L, at 25 °C) and density make it an ideal choice for this application.
In the realm of photography, sodium bromide is used in the production of photographic chemicals. It is a component in the preparation of silver bromide, which is a light-sensitive compound used in photographic film and paper. Despite the digital revolution, traditional photography still relies on these chemical processes for high-quality imaging.
Sodium bromide is also employed in the textile industry, particularly in the dyeing process. It serves as a dyeing assistant, helping to improve the fixation of dyes on fabrics, ensuring brighter and more durable colours. This application is vital for achieving high-quality textile products.
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